Takaful Glossary - Definition

Takaful Glossary

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Term	Definition
'Afw	Forgiveness.

'Ahd	Covenant

'Amal	Work, Service.

'Amm	General.

'Aqd	Contract.

'Aqilah	The paternal relatives who pay the blood money. The doctrine of al-'Aqilah had been practiced among the ancient Arab tribes, in which it was an implied mutual agreement among the tribes that, if anyone is killed unintentionally by a person of a different tribe, the slainer’s paternal relative used to take the responsibility to make a mutual contribution for the purpose of paying the blood money on behalf of the slainer, to the victims' relatives. This doctrine later got recognition by the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) in one of his judgments against a woman from the tribe of Huzail. This is a foundation doctrine based on which today’s Islamic insurance practices have been developed.

'Ilm	Knowledge.

'Iwad	Consideration.

'Ulama	cholars, jurists, academicians. (Islamic).

'Umr	Age.

'Urf	Custom, usage, common practice.

Ahkam	The plural of hukum, which means rules, provisions and laws.

Amanah	Trust.

Ansar	The helpers, the people of Madinah who welcomed the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) and his companions who migrated from Makkah and other places to the city of Madinah.

Asl	Origin.

Ayat	A verse of the Holy Qur'an.

Badr	A place near to the coast about 95 miles to the south of Madinah, where in the second year of Hijrah calendar, the first battle took place between the Muslims and the non believers.

Baitul mal	Treasury.

Baligh	Person who has attained the age of puberty.

Bani	The tribe or clan.

Batil	Void, falsehood, nullity.

Bay	Sale.

Bayyinah	Evidence, proof.

Da'wah	Claim.

Dalalah	Astray.

Dalil	Authority.

Daman	Liability for making up any loss, responsibility, guarantee, warranty, surety.

Daun	Disease.

Dawa'	Medicine.

Dayn	Debt, liability.

Dharurah	Necessity.

Dhawu al-Arham	Relation connected through female, a term used in law of inheritance for a specific group or person for the right in inherited property.

Dhawu al-Faraid	Referring to a specific person whose shares in inheritance have been determined in the Holy Qur’an.

Dhimmah	Responsibility.

Dhimmi	A non-Muslim living under the protection of Muslim ruler.

Din	Religion.

Dinar	Islamic currency.

Dirham	Islamic currency.

Diwan	The finance department of early Muslim stage.

Diyat	Blood wit, blood money, a monetary compensation against unjustified manslaughter.

Fadl	Excess, additional, surplus.

Faidah	Additional.

Fallah	Success, victory, achievement.

Fals	Currency.

Faqih	Jurist, Jurists.

Faqir	Poor, destitute, needy.

Faqr	Poverty.

Fara	The individual case of the law as distinguished from the original sources.

Faraid	Inheritance.

Fardu	Obligatory.

Fasid	Invalid.

Fatwa	Juristic opinion , juridical decision.

Fidyah	Compensation.

Fiqh	A knowledge of Shari’ah, that is Islamic law.

Gair Mamluk	Unowned thing in which no ownership title, a thing belongs to none.

Gani	Wealthy.

Ganimah	Things appropriated without difficulty.

Garam	Damage, loss.

Garar	Uncertainty. A transaction under Islamic law should be held invalid, if it involves the element of Garar.

Garim	Insolvent, principal debtor, bankrupt.

Hablul habl	A kind of uncertain sale practiced during the pre-Islamic era of ignorance.

Hadith	The tradition of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.).

Hajj	Obligatory pilgrimage.

Halal	Lawful, valid.

Haq	Right.

Haram	Unlawful.

Hawalah	Transference, assignment.

Hibah	Gift.

Hijrah	Migration.

Hisbah	The institution of ombudsman.

Hudud	Plural of had, which means fixed punishment contained in the Divine sanction for some specific offences.

Hujjah	Proof, evidence.

Hukum	Rule, injunction, sanction, order, decree.

Huzail	Name of a tribe in the ancient Arab era.

Jaez	Lawful.

Jahannam	Hell.

Janin	Foetus.

Jihad	Fighting in the cause of Allah (s.w.t.).

Jizyah	A kind of tax imposed on non-Muslim living in an Islamic state.

Jumhur	Majority of the Islamic jurist.

Junun	Insanity.

Kaffarah	Compensation, explanation.

Kafir	Unbeliever.

Katib	Clerk.

Khairat	Donation.

Khamr	Liquor.

Kharaj	Land tax.

Khiyar	Option.

Khulafa ar-Rashedun	The rightly guided four companions namely Sayyidina Abu Bakar (r.a)., Umar (r.a)., Uthman (r.a) and Ali (r.a).

Khutbah	Religious speech specially before the Jumaah prayer and the prayer of two Eid festivals.

Kifalah	Surety ship, bail, guarantee.

Lajnah	Committee, Council.

Lazim	Obligation, necessary, fully binding.

Li‘an	Oath which is taken by both the wife and the husband when the latter accuses his wife of committing unlawful sexual activity and she denies it.

Maaqil	Mutual insurance societies of pre-Islamic Arabia constituted to collect a common mutual fund known as al-Kanz to insure against loss or damage.

Madhab	School of jurisprudence.

Mahrum	Deprived.

Maisir	Gambling.

Majnun	Insane, unsound mind.

Makhluq	Creature.

Makruh	Reprehensible, abominable, disapproved.

Mal	Wealth, property; thing.

Mandub	Recommended.

Maqasid	Purpose.

Mard	Illness.

Mard al-Maut	Death sickness; bed ridden.

Marid	Ill.

Masadir	Sources.

Masalih al-Mursalah	The doctrine of public interest.

Maslahah	Utility or benefit, which necessitate protection of faith, life, progeny, property and nationality.

Maut	Death, demise.

Miaath	Inheritance.

Milk	Ownership.

Miskin	Destitute, needy.

Mithl	Similar; substitute; fungible.

Mubaah	Permissible.

Mudarah	Harm, injury.

Mudharabah	Co-partnership where at least two parties are involved in a commercial transaction, in which one party provides capital, while the other offers skill in carrying out the business successfully in view of sharing the subsequent profits or loss accordingly. This is a financing technique adopted by all the Islamic financial institutions and in commercial activities in the contemporary world as opposed to the Riba (interest) based financing technique.

Munfa‘ah	Advantage, yield.

Musarakah	Partnership.

Mushaqqah	Hardship.

Mushrik	Polytheist.

Mu‘amalah	Commercial transaction.

Nafkah	Maintenance.

Nafs	Self, life.

Najsh	Offering a high price for something without having the intention to buy it, but just to cheat somebody else who really wants to buy it. Such a person may agree with the seller to offer a higher price before the buyer cheat them, in which case both this man and the seller are sinful. The seller may falsely tell the buyer that he (i.e. the seller) has previously bought the goods at a certain price, which is in reality higher than actual price. (Sahih al- Bukhari, (trans.Eng.) by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, op. cit. Vol. III. at p. x).

Naqd	Money, coin.

Nas	Text, definitive implication of the text.

Nasab	Relative, descendant.

Nasib	Luck.

Nasl	Lineage, progeny.

Nikah	Marriage.

Niyat	Intention.

Nizam	Discipline.

Qabul	Acceptance.

Qada’	Judgment(s), judiciary(s).

Qadr	Fate; predestination.

Qanun	Law, regulation, principles, rule.

Qard	Loan.

Qard al-Hasanah	A gracious loan.

Qarib	Recent.

Qarn	Century.

Qatl	Homicide.

Qat’I	Definite.

Qaul	Expression, opinion, view, speech.

Qawaid ul-Fiqhyyah	Juristic rule.

Qazf	False accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse.

Qiblah	The direction, in which Muslim turn their faces in prayer.

Qirad	Commenda agreement.

Qisas	Retaliation.

Qiyas	Analogy; legal reasoning.

Qur'an	The Holy Book revealed by Allah (s.w.t.) through the Angel Gibrael (a.s). to the last Prophet Muhammad ( s.a.w.) as a complete system for mankind.

Quraish	Most respectable tribe among the ancient Arab tribes, in which the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) was born.

Rabbul Mal	The capital provider in a profit and loss sharing financing technique. (al-Mudharabah).

Raka'ah	A unit of prayer.

Rasul	Messenger.

Riba	Usury, interest which is unlawful in the Islamic Shari’ah. It is therefore, unjustified or uncompensated excess in the exchange of counter values in the transaction of exchange when the excess revealed either through weight or measure or through benefit arising from delayed delivery. Today, most of the commercial transactions under conventional economy revolve around the elements of Riba.

Rizq	Livelihood; subsistence.

Rushd	Age of discretion, maturity, puberty, majority.

Sabab	Cause.

Sabi	Infant.

Sabr	Patience.

Sadaqah	Charity.

Sadaqatul Jariah	A form of charity.

Safih	Prodigal.

Saghir	Minor.

Sahih	Valid, sound, authenticity.

Sajadah	The position of prostration in the prayer.

Salam	The finishing action of prayer.

Sanat	Year.

Sarf	Monetary.

Sayyid	Master, leader.

Shahadah	Witnessing.

Shahr	Month.

Sharat	Condition, term, warranty.

Sharb	Drinking.

Sharikah	Partnership.

Shari’ah	Islamic Law.

Shifa’	Cure.

Sidduzzara	The plugging of lawful means to an unlawful end.

Siyasah al-Shari’ah	Administration of justice.

Sultan	Governor, head of the state, ruler.

Sunnah	The saying, the action, and the approval of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.).

Surah	A large unit of the Holy Qur’an. There are 114 Surah contained in the Holy Qur’an.

Tabarru'	Donation, charity.

Tabqah	Stage.

Tafsir	Interpretation, commentary.

Tahqiq al-Manat	The verification of the attributes of an established case in a new case re-offered for examination.

Tahrim	Prohibition.

Takaful	Mutual responsibility, an alternative term to Islamic insurance.

Talaq	Divorce.

Tamlik	Ownership.

Taqlid	Following the view of another without further question.

Tariqah	Path, system.

Tawakkul	Depending, putting trust.

Ta‘am	Food.

Ta’min	Insurance.

Thaman	Cost, value, price.

Thawab	Reward in the hereafter.

Tijarah	Trade, business.

Ummah	The nation (Islamic).

Wadia’h	Deposit.

Wajib	Obligation, compulsory, mandatory.

Wakalah	Agency.

Wala’	A kind of relationship between the master who frees a slave and the freed slave.

Wali	Guardian.

Waqf	Charity, religious endowment testamentary bequest of real estate.

Wasilah	Mediation.

Wasiyah	Will, bequest.

Yad	Hand.

Yamin	Oath.

Zahr	Unambiguous.

Zakat	Compulsory tax imposed on certain categories of wealthy people.

Zawj	Couple.

Zulm	Oppression; suppression.

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